Polygonal deformation bands     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

We report for the first time the occurrence of polygonal faults in sandstone, which is compelling given that layer-bound polygonal fault systems have been observed so far only in fine-grained sediments such as clay and chalk. The polygonal faults are shear deformation bands that developed under shallow burial conditions via strain hardening in dm-wide zones. The edges of the polygons are 1–5 m long. The shear deformation bands are organized as conjugate faults along each edge of the polygon and form characteristic horst-like structures. The individual deformation bands have slip magnitudes ranging from a few mm to 1.5 cm; the cumulative average slip magnitude in a zone is up to 10 cm. The deformation bands heaves, in aggregate form, accommodate a small isotropic horizontal extension (strain <0.005). The individual shear deformation bands show abutting T-junctions, veering, curving, and merging where they mechanically interact. Crosscutting relationships are rare. The interactions of the deformation bands are similar to those of mode I opening fractures. The documented fault networks have important implications for evaluating the geometry of km-scale polygonal fault systems in the subsurface, top seal integrity, as well as constraining paleo-tectonic stress regimes.  相似文献   

Structural style in a young flexure-induced oblique extensional system,north-western Bonaparte Basin,Australia     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

In the north-western Bonaparte Basin (North West Shelf of Australia) Neogene to Recent flexure-induced extension superimposed obliquely over the Mesozoic rift structures. Thus, the area offers a good opportunity to investigate the dynamics and architecture of oblique extension fault systems. Analysis of basin-scale 2D and 3D seismic data along the Vulcan sub-basin shows that Neogene deformation produced a new set of extensional, en échelon faults, at places accompanied by the reactivation of the Mesozoic faults. The pre-existing Mesozoic structures strongly control the distribution of the Neogene-Recent deformation, both at regional and local scales. Main controls on the Neogene-Recent fault style, density and segmentation/linkage include: (1) the orientation of the underlying Mesozoic structures, (2) the obliqueness of the younger extension relative to the rift-inherited faults, and (3) the proximity to the Timor Trough. Three types of vertical relationships have been observed between Mesozoic and Neogene-Recent faults. Hard linkages seems to develop when both fault systems trend parallel, therefore increasing risks for trap integrity. It is suggested that the orientation of maximum horizontal stress (S_Hmax) relative to the Mesozoic faults, forming hydrocarbon traps, is critical for their potential seal/leak behaviour. Stratigraphic growth across the faults indicates that main fault activity occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene, which corresponds to the timing of tectonic loading on Timor Island and the development of lithospheric flexure. Synchronism of normal faulting with flexural bending suggests that extensional deformation on the descending Australian margin accompanied the formation of the Timor Trough.  相似文献   

首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

屈春燕  闫丽莉  温少妍  单新建 《地球科学进展》2011,26(2):202-211

利用1999年和2003-2006年共5年的NOAA卫星热红外遥感数据,对北京及周边地区的热红外影像特征和红外亮温年变特征进行了跟踪观测、统计分析与对比研究.结果表明:①不同地质构造单元,特别是线性断裂构造在热红外影像上有清晰的显示,通过不同时期红外影像的对比研究可以很好地揭示断裂构造的空间展布及规模形态,为活动构造研...  相似文献   

藏北低速体存在的地震学证据——INDEPTH4宽频地震结果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛光琦  赵文津  宿和平  钱辉  冯梅  James Mechie 《地球学报》2011,32(3):331-335

位于青藏高原东北部的INDEPTH-IV地震探测剖面,始于柴达木盆地南缘,穿越东昆仑造山带、金沙江缝合线,终止于羌塘地体.本文作者利用天然地震体波完成了该区的三维走时残差反演,勾划出了青藏高原东北部的深部构造格局.研究区最显著的现象则是分布在昆仑地体、可可西里地体、羌塘地体北部下地壳、上地幔中的低速体.对其成因,有可能...  相似文献   

Neogene-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Leeward Antilles islands (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao) from fault kinematic analysis     

Jean-Claude Hippolyte  Paul Mann 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(1):259-277

Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao are islands aligned along the crest of a 200-km-long segment of the east-west-trending Leeward Antilles ridge within the broad Caribbean-South America plate boundary zone presently characterized by east-west, right-lateral strike-slip motion. The crust of the Leeward Antilles ridge represents the western segment of the Cretaceous-early Cenozoic Great Arc of the Caribbean, which obliquely collided, with the continental margin of northern South America in early Cenozoic time. Following the collision, the ridge was affected by folding and was segmented by oblique, northwest-striking normal faults that have produced steep-sided, northwest-trending, elongate islands and narrow shelves separated by deepwater, sediment-filled and fault-controlled basins. In this paper, we present the first fault slip observations on the Neogene carbonate rocks that cover large areas of all three islands. Our main objective is to quantify the timing and nature of Neogene to Quaternary phases of faulting and folding that have affected the structure and topography of this area including offshore sedimentary basins that are being explored for their petroleum potential. These data constrain three fault phases that have affected Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao and likely the adjacent offshore areas: 1) NW-SE-directed late Paleogene compression; 2) middle Miocene syndepositional NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW extension that produced deep rift basins transverse to the east-west-trending Leeward Antilles ridge; and 3) Pliocene-Quaternary NNE-trending compression that produced NW-SE-trending anticlines present on Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire islands. Our new observations - that include detailed relationships between striated fault planes, paleostress tensors, and bedding planes - show that prominent bedding dips of Neogene limestone on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao were produced by regional tectonic shortening across the entire Leeward Antilles ridge rather than by localized, syndepositional effects as proposed by previous workers. We interpret Pliocene-Quaternary NNE-directed shortening effects on the Leeward Antilles ridge as the result of northeastward extrusion or “tectonic escape” of continental areas of western Venezuela combined with southeastward shallow subduction of the Caribbean plate beneath the ridge.  相似文献   

Sub-seismic scale fracture pattern and in situ permeability data in the chalk atop of the Krempe salt ridge at Lägerdorf, NW Germany: Inferences on synfolding stress field evolution and its impact on fracture connectivity     

Fabrizio Storti  Fabrizio BalsamoFederico Cappanera  Giambattista Tosi 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(7):1315-1332

Chalk is exposed in the Heidestrasse quarry at Lägerdorf, at the top of the NE-SW trending Krempe salt ridge. Structural data indicate the presence of two joint sets, striking almost parallel and perpendicular to the salt ridge, respectively, and of a set of conjugate extensional faults and fault zones striking NW-SE, i.e. almost perpendicular to the salt ridge. Within the overall NW-SE trend of joints and faults, strike variations occur from the massive chalk exposed in the lower half of the quarry, to the overlying layered chalk. A large variability characterizes the normalized spacing of both joint sets, which does not show any clear trend with layer dip. In situ measurements indicate that the cross-sectional permeability of tight joints increases 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to the undeformed chalk. We propose that joint and fault azimuthal variability resulted from changes through time of the stress ellipsoid at the top of the salt ridge, while joint spacing variability is associated with the weak mechanical influence of bedding in chalk. Azimuthal variability improves fracture connectivity and, hence, permeability and fluid flow.  相似文献   

南堡凹陷东营组同沉积构造活动性与沉积格局的配置关系研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王华  姜华  林正良  赵淑娥 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):70-77

应用构造-层序地层分析的思维,通过构造格架与地层格架的关联分析,对南堡凹陷东营组沉积充填样式与过程、控制要素进行了综合研究。通过沉降史分析,并结合区域构造演化特征,古近纪可划分为4个次级构造幕。凹陷内断裂发育,同沉积断裂及其时空配置关系对凹陷内结构和沉积体系类型及其展布起着重要的控制作用。控凹断裂直接控制了局部构造带的可容纳空间变化和古地貌形态,从而形成不同的沉积展布特征。高柳断层是南堡凹陷内最为重要的二级断裂,其活动始于Es1沉积时期,在东营组沉积时期活动最为强烈。在东营组沉积时期,高柳断层将凹陷分为南、北两个独立的沉积系统,尤其在Ed3沉积期其强烈的翘倾作用使高柳地区成为一个孤立的湖盆,直接影响到了高柳地区的沉积充填。根据东营组沉积时期同沉积断裂组合样式划分出4种断裂坡折带:断崖型、断坡型、同向断阶型和反向断阶型,为研究南堡凹陷东营组同沉积断裂对沉积格局的控制作用提供了有利的指导,具有重要的石油地质意义。  相似文献   

SKUA基岩三维地质建模   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈文杰 《城市地质》2015,(2):72-78

以天津平原地区某个工区为例,介绍了三维地质模型建模的数据准备,SKUA建模的流程以及模型分析,共使用28条断层,6个地层的地质构造图,3条地质剖面构建了地质结构模型,表明SKUA建模是高效的和实用的。  相似文献   

鄂西白垩纪远安盆地的变形带构造   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

乔彦波  单业华  田野  聂冠军 《地质科学》2011,46(1):181-193

鄂西白垩纪远安盆地中大量发育变形带及其密切相关的断层,主要分为两期,早期为带有正断性质的北北东向组变形带及简单的正断层,形成在同沉积或早成岩阶段,而晚期为带走滑性质的北-南向组和北东向组变形带及复活断层,形成在白垩纪以后.根据实测的共轭变形带和断层滑动数据,古应力分析的结果表明,早期为北西西-南东东向拉张的伸展状态,而...  相似文献   

扬子东部冶山和山里陈埃达克质侵入岩年代学与地球化学:岩石成因和动力学意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

资锋  王强  刘新华  邱华宁 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):185-200

冶山和山里陈岩体构造上属于扬子地块东部,毗邻郯庐断裂带东侧,主要岩石类型为石英闪长玢岩。它们的单矿物(角闪石,黑云母)40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为131.22±0.77 Ma和130.07±0.48 Ma。冶山和山里陈岩体具有与埃达克岩类似的地球化学特征,如w(SiO2)>56%,高Al2O3[w(Al2O3)=14.95%～17.67%]、Sr[w(Sr)=495×10-6～2086×10-6]、Sr/Y(44～159)和La/Yb(26～68),低重稀土元素,如w(Yb)=0.82×10-6～1.56×10-6),w(Y)=9.14×10-6～20.32×10-6,无明显-正Eu异常(δEu=0.90～1.11)。另外,样品普遍具有较高的MgO[w(MgO)=2.01%～4.98%]、IMg(45～71)和Cr[w(Cr)=19.2×10-6～199×10-6]、Ni[w(Ni)=13.8×10-6～58.8×10-6]。它们的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征为:(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7059～0.7062,εNd(t)=-14.75～-12.15,(206 Pb/204 Pb)t=16.082～16.847,(207 Pb/204 Pb)t=15.303～15.461,(208Pb/204Pb)t=35.889～36.919。冶山和山里陈埃达克质侵入岩可能是由于扬子与华北地块在三叠纪的碰撞及扬子地块东部的地壳拆离作用,导致下地壳增厚并发生拆沉熔融,岩浆在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩发生了反应。郯庐断裂带两侧早白垩世时期的埃达克(质)岩可能形成于断裂带早白垩世时期由左行平移向伸展活动转变的阶段,其源动力很可能是受到滨太平洋板块构造的影响。  相似文献